Whether direct excitation or thermal effects dominate the photovoltaic effect will depend on many material parameters.
2.
Besides the direct excitation of free electrons, a photovoltaic effect can also arise simply due to the heating caused by absorption of the light.
3.
Another shorter indirect pathway has been proposed, which involves cortical excitation of the subthalamic nucleus resulting in direct excitation of the GPe, and inhibition of the thalamus.
4.
This transition is strictly forbidden by spin, symmetry, and parity selection rules; hence, direct excitation of ground state oxygen by light to form singlet oxygen is very improbable.
5.
A limitation of FRET is the requirement for external illumination to initiate the fluorescence transfer, which can lead to background noise in the results from direct excitation of the acceptor or to photobleaching.
6.
Duloxetine is the first medication developed to help SUI . This is promising because Duloxetine also showed no effect on bladder contraction force or duration which suggests that Duloxetine is affecting the sensory limb of the urination process . 5-HT and NE do not function through direct excitation of motor neurons but facilitate the effects of glutamate.
7.
The term " resonance " ( from Latin " resonantia ",'echo', from " resonare ",'resound') originates from the field of acoustics, particularly observed in musical instruments, e . g ., when strings started to vibrate and to produce sound without direct excitation by the player.
8.
Given its importance, a pulse sequence employing direct excitation of 1 H spin polarization, followed by CP transfer to and signal detection of 13 C, 15 N ) or similar nuclei, is itself often referred to as " CP experiment ", or, in conjunction with MAS, as " CP-MAS " [ Schaefer and Stejskal, 1976 ].
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